New England Colonies > Connecticut Colony

Connecticut Colony

Background

The Connecticut Colony played a vital role during the American Revolutionary War, contributing significantly to the Patriot cause through political leadership, military engagement, and economic support. Here is an overview of Connecticut's involvement in the Revolutionary War:

Political and Social Context:

1. Early Support for the Patriot Cause:

   • Connecticut was an early and strong supporter of the Patriot cause. The colony's political leaders were quick to oppose British policies, and the colony was active in the Continental Congress.
   • Prominent figures such as Roger Sherman, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and Governor Jonathan Trumbull, the only colonial governor to side with the Patriots, were influential in shaping revolutionary sentiment.

2. The Sons of Liberty:

   • The Sons of Liberty, a group of colonial activists, were particularly active in Connecticut, organizing protests and acts of resistance against British rule. This helped to foster a strong sense of unity and purpose among Connecticut's residents.

Military Contributions:

1. Formation of Militia and Continental Army Units:

   • Connecticut formed several regiments for the Continental Army and local militias. These units played critical roles in various battles and campaigns throughout the war.
   • The Connecticut Line, part of the Continental Army, was known for its discipline and effectiveness in battle.

2. Key Battles and Engagements:

   • Battle of Bunker Hill (1775): Connecticut troops were among those who fought in this early and significant battle near Boston.
   • New York Campaign (1776): Connecticut regiments participated in the defense of New York City and fought in the subsequent battles, including the Battle of Long Island and the retreat across New Jersey.
   • Battle of Saratoga (1777): Connecticut soldiers played a part in the pivotal American victory at Saratoga, which helped secure French support for the American cause.
   • Southern Campaigns: Connecticut troops were also involved in the southern theater of the war, including the crucial battles of Cowpens and Yorktown.

3. Raid on Danbury (1777):

   • In April 1777, British forces conducted a raid on the town of Danbury, Connecticut, to destroy Patriot supplies stored there. The raid led to the Battle of Ridgefield, where American forces, including those from Connecticut, engaged the British in a series of skirmishes.

Economic and Logistical Support:

1. Supply and Manufacturing:

   • Connecticut was a crucial supplier of goods and materials for the Continental Army. The state's industries produced arms, ammunition, clothing, and other supplies essential for the war effort.
   • The colony's agricultural output provided food and provisions for the troops. The state's network of roads and rivers facilitated the transport of these supplies.

2. Privateering:

   • Connecticut's ports, particularly New London and New Haven, were hubs for privateers—privately owned ships authorized to attack British merchant vessels. These privateers disrupted British trade and captured valuable supplies, contributing to the American war effort.

Notable Figures:

1. Nathan Hale:

   • Nathan Hale, a Connecticut native and captain in the Continental Army, is remembered as a patriot spy who was captured and executed by the British. His famous last words, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country," symbolize the bravery and sacrifice of American patriots.

2. Israel Putnam:

   • General Israel Putnam, one of the prominent military leaders from Connecticut, played a key role in several major battles, including Bunker Hill. His leadership and experience were valuable assets to the Continental Army.

3. Roger Sherman:

   • As a member of the Continental Congress, Roger Sherman was a key political leader from Connecticut. He signed the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the U.S. Constitution, making significant contributions to the founding of the United States.

Aftermath and Legacy:

1. Economic Recovery:

   • After the war, Connecticut transitioned from a war economy to peacetime activities. The state continued to be an important center for manufacturing and trade.
   • The experience gained during the war helped Connecticut develop its industries and infrastructure, laying the foundation for future economic growth.

2. Political Influence:

   • Connecticut played a significant role in the early political development of the United States. The state's leaders were influential in shaping the new nation's government and policies.
   • Connecticut was the fifth state to ratify the U.S. Constitution on January 9, 1788, reflecting its commitment to the principles of the new republic.

Legacy:

1. Historical Significance:

   • Connecticut's contributions to the American Revolutionary War are commemorated through historical sites, monuments, and educational programs. Places like the Nathan Hale Homestead and Putnam Memorial State Park honor the state's revolutionary heritage.
   • The state's role in the war is remembered as a testament to the courage and determination of its residents in the fight for independence.

2. Cultural Impact:

   • The revolutionary spirit of Connecticut continues to be celebrated as part of the state's cultural identity. The stories of figures like Nathan Hale and the efforts of the Connecticut militia and Continental Army units are integral to the state's history.

Conclusion:

The Connecticut Colony's involvement in the American Revolutionary War was marked by significant military contributions, economic support, and political leadership. Connecticut's troops fought in key battles, and the state's industries and resources were vital to the war effort. The legacy of Connecticut's role in the revolution is commemorated through historical sites and continues to be a source of pride for its residents. The state's contributions to the fight for American independence were crucial in shaping the outcome of the war and the future of the United States.

Thirteen Colonies

Sources

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

Andrews, Charles M. The Colonial Period of American History: The Settlements, volume 2 (1936) pp 67–194, by leading scholar